A Review of the Relationship between Proinflammatory Cytokines and Major Depressive Disorder

Young, Juan and Bruno, Davide and Pomara, Nunzio (2014) A Review of the Relationship between Proinflammatory Cytokines and Major Depressive Disorder. Journal of affective disorders, 169. pp. 15-20.

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Abstract

Background: Determining etiological factors and reviewing advances in diagnostic modalities sensitive and specific to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is of importance in its evaluation and treatment. The inflammatory hypothesis is one of the most prevalent topics concerning MDD and may provide insight into the pathogenesis of depression, development of biomarkers, and ultimately production of more effective depression therapies.
Method: We reviewed several studies to evaluate contemporary concepts concerning proinflammatory cytokines and their relationship to various depressive disorders, the use of anti-inflammatory therapies in MDD treatment, and the application of neuroimaging in conjunction with cytokine profiles from both plasma and CSF as possible diagnostic tools.
Results: Proinflammatory cytokines in both plasma and CSF have been found to influence the progression and severity of depressive disorders in different populations. Studies have shown elevated serum levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, and MCP-1 in depressed patients, but have presented mixed results with IL-8 serum levels, and with IL-6 and MCP-1 CSF levels. Anti-inflammatory treatment of MDD may have adjuvant properties with current depression medications. MRI and NIRS neuroimaging confirm neurological abnormalities in the presence of elevated proinflammatory cytokines in depressed or stressed patients.
Limitations: Heterogeneity of MDD and limited CSF cytokine research complicate the study of MDD pathogenesis.
Conclusion: There is significant evidence that inflammatory processes influence the development and progression of MDD. Future studies with larger arrays of cytokine profiles aided by neuroimaging may provide more sensitive and specific modes of diagnostics in determining MDD etiology and provide guidance in individual therapies.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information and Comments:	NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in the Journal of Affective Disorders. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in the Journal of Affective Disorders, 169, December 2014, DOI#doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.032
Faculty / Department:	Faculty of Human and Digital Sciences > School of Psychology
Depositing User:	Anna Kirpichnikova
Date Deposited:	02 Nov 2015 18:44
Last Modified:	16 Oct 2017 19:05
URI:	https://hira.hope.ac.uk/id/eprint/455

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