Effects of Single Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Meal Consumption on Postprandial Lipemia and Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence

Wilson, M.L. and Lane, K.E. and Fadel, A. and Dawson, E.A. and Moore, E. and Mazidi, Mohsen and Webb, Richard and Davies, I.G. (2024) Effects of Single Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Meal Consumption on Postprandial Lipemia and Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence. Nutrition Reviews. ISSN 0029-6643

Text 7726365 - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution. Download (631kB)

Abstract

Context
Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is associated with increased risk of endothelial dysfunction (ED), a precursor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The effects of low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diets on ASCVD risk are uncertain; therefore, gaining a greater understanding of LCHF meals on PPL may provide valuable insights.

Objective
The current systematic review investigated the effects of single LCHF meal consumption on PPL and markers of ED.

Data Sources
CINAHL Plus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for key terms related to endothelial function, cardiovascular disease, glycemia, lipemia, and the postprandial state with no restriction on date.

Data Extraction
Full-text articles were independently screened by 2 reviewers, of which 16 studies were eligible to be included in the current review. All trials reported a minimum analysis of postprandial triglycerides (PPTG) following consumption of an LCHF meal (<26% of energy as carbohydrate). Results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.

Data Analysis
Single-meal macronutrient composition was found to play a key role in determining postprandial lipid and lipoprotein responses up to 8 hours post-meal. Consumption of LCHF meals increased PPTG and may contribute to ED via reduced flow-mediated dilation and increased oxidative stress; however, energy and macronutrient composition varied considerably between studies.

Conclusion
Consumption of an LCHF meal had a negative impact on PPL based on some, but not all, single-meal studies; therefore, the contribution of LCHF meals to cardiometabolic health outcomes remains unclear. Further research is needed on specific categories of LCHF diets to establish a causal relationship between postprandial modulation of lipids/lipoproteins and impaired vascular endothelial function.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD 42023398774.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information and Comments:	© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Life Sciences Institute. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Faculty / Department:	Faculty of Human and Digital Sciences > School of Health and Sport Sciences
Depositing User:	Richard Webb
Date Deposited:	03 Sep 2024 08:41
Last Modified:	03 Sep 2024 08:41
URI:	https://hira.hope.ac.uk/id/eprint/4339

Actions (login required)

View Item