Mehran Nouri, M. and Davies, I.G. and Webb, R.J. and Mazidi, M. and Makhtoomi, M. and Rezaianzadeh, A. and Johari, M.G. and Faghih, S. (2023) The Association between Ultra-Processed Foods and Conventional Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in an Adult Iranian Population. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. ISSN 0939-4753
Preview |
Text
PIIS0939475323002429.pdf - Accepted Version Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Background and Aims
According to the NOVA classification system, ultra-processed foods result from extensive industrial processing and use ingredients derived from food and non-food products, which can negatively impact on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Despite this, few studies have investigated UPFs in Middle Eastern populations regardless of high consumption in this region.
Methods and Results
This cross-sectional study was conducted on data from the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran Kharemeh cohort (n = 6611). Food frequency questionnaires were assessed and the ratio of total UPFs energy/total energy intake was calculated. Data was categorized into tertiles of UPF consumption using the NOVA classification system. Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to assess differences in nutrient and food intakes between tertiles and logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the associations between UPFs and CVD risk factors. After adjustment for potential confounders the logistic regression analysis revealed significant positive relationships between intakes of UPFs and waist circumference (WC) (T2: OR; 1.34, 95% CI; 1.13-1.60 – T3: OR; 1.41, 95% CI; 1.18-1.69, P ˂0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (T2: OR; 1.20, 95% CI; 1.05-1.37 – T3: OR; 1.27, 95% CI; 1.11-1.45, P ˂0.001), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL) (T2: OR; 1.21, 95% CI; 1.07-1.37 – T3: OR; 1.24, 95% CI; 1.10-1.41, P ˂0.001) and LDL-C to HDL-C ratio (T2: OR; 1.15, 95% CI; 1.02-1.31 – T3: OR; 1.21, 95% CI; 1.07-1.38, P = 0.002).
Conclusion
The consumption of UPFs was positively associated with WC and atherogenic blood lipids. However, increased intakes of fiber and unsaturated fats were also found in those consuming more UPFs, which was not expected. These findings offer insights into an understudied population and warrant further research.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Additional Information and Comments: | This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form. |
| Faculty / Department: | Faculty of Human and Digital Sciences > School of Health and Sport Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Richard Webb |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Jun 2023 08:53 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Jun 2024 00:15 |
| URI: | https://hira.hope.ac.uk/id/eprint/3960 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |
Altmetric
Altmetric
