The effect of concurrent exercise training (Resistance and Interval Running) and mindful self-compassion therapy on heart rate Variability in type 1 diabetes

Saki, Hossein and Nazem, Farzad and Matin, Hossein and Fariba, Farnaz and Khaiyat, Omid and Siavoshy, Hojjatollah (2026) The effect of concurrent exercise training (Resistance and Interval Running) and mindful self-compassion therapy on heart rate Variability in type 1 diabetes. Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17. ISSN 2042-0188

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Abstract

Abstract
Background and purpose:
Diabetes in adolescents is usually associated with cardiovascular Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise and Mindful Self-Compassion Therapy (MSCT) on heart rate variability (HRV), aerobic capacity (VO2peak), and glycemic index of adolescent boys with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods:
A total of 60 adolescent boys (Age: 12–18years, Body Mass Index: 19.75±2.26kg/m2) were enrolled in this semi-experimental research. The participants were allocated into four groups: Control Diabetes (CD, n=15), Exercise Diabetes (ED, n=15), MSCT Diabetes (MD, n=15), and Exercise + MSC Diabetes (EMD, n=15). The ED group received 3 sessions per week of combined resistance and interval (running) and training, the MD group received 8 sessions of 60min of MSCT, and the EMD group received exercise training + MSCT during
a 12-week intervention period. A two-way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used with pre-test values as covariate variables to evaluate changes in a range of HRV variables following the interventions.

Results:
The ED and EMD groups showed increases in High Frequency (HF), Root Mean Square of Successive RR Interval Differences (RMSSD), Standard Deviation of NN Intervals
(SDNN), Very-Low-Frequency (VLF), Low-Frequency (LF), and VO2peak. There was a decrease in resting Heart Rate (HR), LF/HF, and HbA1c levels. The MD group had a substantial increase in HF and RMSSD and a significant decrease in HR and LF/HF (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The results support the application of combined interval/resistance exercise training and stress control method (MSCT) as an effective non-invasive intervention for
enhancing the psychophysiological parameters of HRV in adolescent boys with T1D compared to exercise or MSCT alone.

Item Type:	Article
Additional Information and Comments:	This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permissionprovided the original work is attributed as specified on the Sage and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage)
Faculty / Department:	Faculty of Human and Digital Sciences > School of Health and Sport Sciences
SWORD Depositor:	RISE Symplectic
Depositing User:	RISE Symplectic
Date Deposited:	20 Apr 2026 08:41
Last Modified:	20 Apr 2026 08:41
URI:	https://hira.hope.ac.uk/id/eprint/4892

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